Hydrogen
19.05.2012 | 
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The Hydrogen is an usual component many gas from bore holes and underground water, but given about his(its) contents seldom meet in literature since under standard analysis gas his(its) do not define. Zinger has found the high concentration of the hydrogen (before 43%) in gas, dissolved in water oil месторождений in paleozoic postponing Lower Povolzhiya, USSR. The Explored sample were displayed from new bore holes after their perforations directly and доведения water before constant chemical composition so hydrogen could be not formed as a result of interactions of the acids with iron of the bore pipes. In article Zingera happen to also given other soviet researchers about contents of the hydrogen in natural gases, including in coal. As of Nechaevoy, the gases dissolved in underground water West Siberia, enough often contains the hydrogen (15 % all explored tests). Beside 60% tests contained less 1 % hydrogen. The maximum concentrations of the hydrogen Were installed: 0,9 % for region gas месторождений, 6 % for region газоконденсатных месторождений and 11% For region oil месторождений. The most high concentration of the hydrogen was discovered in jurassic postponing, богатых by organic material. This is indicative of forming the hydrogen as a result of termal decomposition organic material. The Analysises gas from bore holes and sorts of the North America have shown that hydrogen is an usual component underground gas, forming before 15 % some natural gases.
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Hydrocarbons S15
The Hydrocarbons S15+, which around the world are present in modern sea setting, seldom create the concentrations more than 100 мкг/g under average contents beside 50 мкг/g. The Average for 30 samples modern кластических precipitation on determination Hanta has formed 50 мкг/g; in карбонатных setting it forms 75 мкг/g. In ancient тонкозернистых postponing, for instance карбонатных, is kept 100 мкг/g, but in glinah-180 мкг/g hydrocarbon. The Difference is explained by formation hydrocarbon under катагенезе. However this only part generated at this stage hydrocarbon, since determined their amount has left in крупнозернистые sorts in process of the compaction of the precipitation and migration in the manner of solution. On estimation Hanta, only 10% total contents hydrocarbon S15-S40 are inherited from stage диагенеза then 90 % were formed under катагенезе.
Karbonatnye precipitation(draft)
Karbonatnye precipitation(draft), forming in sea situation, contains much гумусовых of the join less, than глинистые silts, since in they enter less taken with land organic material. The Concentrations битумоидов and hydrocarbon in modern setting in general hang from contents of organic carbon. For them typical significant fluctuations, which is conditioned by correlation between гумусовым (with low contents of the hydrogen) and сапропелевым (with high contents of the hydrogen) component organic material. Geohimiki under битумоидами understand all join, which экстрагируются from sort solvent fat, such, as benzene and chloroform. Since using the different solvents and methods to extractions inevitable brings about allocation different amount битумоидов, that битуминозность sorts it is impossible consider the reliable quantitative factor. The Comparison of the sorts on this sign carries the relative nature. More Useful for collation is a quantitative determination hydrocarbon in extract (in битумои - дах) by means of liquid chromatography.
Clay Nounsach
Clay Nounsach, however, differ from the oil-producing rocks Phanerozoic age. Thus, the hydrocarbon content of gasoline range C4-Cg they make up only 1 mg / g, whereas the well-studied oil-producing characteristic of clay content from five to several hundred micrograms per gram. In general, currently available anecdotal evidence show that the probability of the existence of a favorable ratio of source rock-reservoir in the sediments older than 1109 years is very small. However, the unmetamorphosed rocks, with some younger age, may have good potential oil source. There is no adverse biochemical prerequisites that would cause us to ignore these deposits, in the Soviet Union, they certainly belong to the oil-producing species, contributing to the formation of large oil and gas accumulations. The problem of oil source potential of the Upper - Cambrian rocks as is closely related to metamorphism and tectonic activity in the region, as well as with the original carbon content. Species of this age are often literally "burn out", losing, as will be shown below, the ability to generate hydrocarbons, and many clusters are formed at one time, then collapsed as a result of denudation, and leakage of hydrocarbons from reservoirs. It remains to be open accumulations of oil in the pre-Cambrian strata, especially in the sections of unmetamorphosed rocks slightly damaged, as well as sequences, which might have migrated hydrocarbons from a young mother sediments. The fact that these deposits are still largely remains shch L "and explored, encouraging them to open large clusters. However, a geologist must understand that if we take into account the above considerations, the chance to get an empty hole in this case is somewhat larger than average.
Guminovye material
Guminovye material, forming essential part of organic material continental and нрнбрежно-sea postponing, are painted in yellow or brown colour and are an высокомолекулярными polymer, which do not meet above-ground organism. This has directed on thought that гумус appeared to account of the destruction лигнинов. However now known that he is formed in process of the disinteration nearly any component of the plants. The Differences in composition гуминовых join reflect the variety of the source products. So гумус, accumulating in marsh and on salt march, must have a more condensing aromatic structure, inherited from лигнина, in contrast with гуминовыми by joining the precipitation open epidemic deathes, which appeared to account remainder to sea vegetation, for instance algaes, not containing лигнина. This difference has installed Bordovskiy, noted that гуминовые of the acid in bottom setting Beringova epidemic deathes are characterized by atomic attitude of the hydrogen to carbon, equal 1,4 then in гуминовых acid ground this attitude has importance 0,6-1,0. The Low values relations hydrogen to carbon point to big contents close-knit in united structure нафтеновых and aromatic колец. For comparison we shall say that attitude Н/С for coal is changed in the same limit, as for гуминовых of the acids of ground then for oil it is 1,85.
Organic material океанических precipitation
The Organic material океанических precipitation is usually enriched by isotope 13С in contrast with river postponing. In the opinion of Doyzera and Degensa, this is connected with relatively high level of the consumption SO2, poor isotope 13С, organism, which live in more tart river and lake water. In alkaline океанической to ambience is adopted basically NSOG.
Contents adsorbed H2S in керне and шламе
Le Tran defined also contents adsorbed H2S in керне and шламе from bore holes in other sedimentary pool. He has installed that in the most deep parts pool increase the contents H2S always occurs simultaneously the contents SN4 with increase. Besides, formation H2S is always connected with diffused by organic material of the sorts. Where тонкозернистые sorts were a poor organic material or not at all contained him(it), hydrogen sulfide is absent, but in zone with high contents organic material other things being equal is kept much N2$. The Contents H2S always increases with depth, reaching maximum after pica of the formation fluid hydrocarbon.
Hydrogen sulfide
The Hydrogen sulfide. The Hydrogen sulfide H2S - a most lethal gas, forming in natural condition in good supply. The Presence him(it) midair in concentrations whole 0,1 ob.% causes the palsy of the respiratory ways and death from difficulty in breathing. Though smell allows to find the hydrogen sulfide midair at concentrations whole in several parts on a million, presence of the gas blunts this feeling, and people be smitten him previously, than will caught, what is wrong. The Hydrogen sulfide causes the strong corrosion and hydrogen frailty бурильных pipes and pipe line. So when boring on gas, rich hydrogen sulfide, and for transportation his(its) follows to use the pipes from высокоуглеродистой by steels.
Lubricating butters and hard paraffins
The Lubricating butters and hard paraffins. The Lubricating butter is usually presented molecule of the row S26-S4o. However depending on schemes, on which is conducted distillation to oils, in their composition can be discovered and join with smaller (before S2o) or big (before S5O) number atom of carbon. In this row are found hard paraffins S22-S4o and some asphalt components (N, S, О-соединения). Vysokoparafinistye oils often differ the high contents hard paraffin and accordingly high temperature to fluidity (pour point). The Last is defined by heating to oils in test tube before 46 С up to dissolution all hard paraffin with the following gradual cooling in bath, the temperature which approximately on 11 With below supposed temperature to fluidity. The Temperature to fluidity of the oils ranges from -57 before +43 С. She increases at prevalence in oils hydrocarbon with direct circuit and is lowered, when in her(its) composition main role play изопарафины, join with round-robin structure and asphalt components. For lubricating масел possible to obtain reduction of the temperature to fluidity if delete the hard paraffins, экстрагируя their fluid propane or кетонами, for instance метилэтилкетоном.
Source organic material
The Source organic material precipitation are an organic join, synthesized as seaborne, so and on land. The Mass phyto- and зоопланктона forms over 95 % biomasses of the ocean. The Main продуцентами organic material amongst organism of the phytoplankton are: one-celled диатомовые to algaes with flint armor, which wide-spread mainly in moderate and cool Climatic zone; перидинеи with armor from альгулозы, живущие in warm water; finally, кокколитофориды - an one-celled plants with карбонатным by skeleton, which particularly wide-spread in warm epidemic deathes. The Primary consumer of the phytoplankton are a small herbivorous organisms зоопланктона, as typical representatives possible to name копепод. Themselves they serve the food for more large carnivore зоопланктона, as well as for fish - third звена in food circuit epidemic deathes. Hereto sea source are often added quite a numbers overland organic material. Incoming with continent with river and undersea sewer and at плоскостном смыве vegetable, including переотложенный, детрит, as well as disputes, pollen and other organic remainder, which are carried ветром,- all this can greatly change the source composition of the sea carbon material. The Reaching seabed organic remainder are processed бентосными organism and bacteria, which привносят in precipitation(draft) products to its vital activity.